Free Tool · Runs in your browser

Validate any VIN. See what it means.

Type a 17-character VIN and we'll verify its check digit and light up what every position encodes — manufacturer, model year, plant and serial.

1–3 Manufacturer (WMI) 4–8 Vehicle attributes 9 Check digit 10 Model year 11 Plant 12–17 Serial
Built in
from position 1 ()
Model year
from position 10 ()
Serial number
positions 12–17

Everything on this page runs locally in your browser — the VIN is never sent to a server until you choose to decode it.

How to read a 17-character VIN

Positions 1–3 · WMI

The World Manufacturer Identifier. Position 1 is the build region (1, 4, 5 = USA; 2 = Canada; 3 = Mexico; J = Japan; K = South Korea; L = China; W = Germany; S = UK). Positions 2–3 identify the manufacturer and division.

Positions 4–8 · Vehicle attributes

The Vehicle Descriptor Section. Each manufacturer encodes model, body style, engine, restraint system and drivetrain here — it's why a VIN decoder can tell an ML 350 from an ML 550.

Position 9 · Check digit

A checksum over the other 16 characters (ISO 3779). Every character maps to a number, is weighted by position, and the total mod 11 must equal this digit — 10 is written as X.

Position 10 · Model year

A letter or digit encoding the model year on a 30-year cycle: A = 1980 or 2010, B = 1981 or 2011, and so on. I, O, Q, U, Z and 0 are never used here.

Position 11 · Assembly plant

A manufacturer-specific code for the factory that assembled the vehicle.

Positions 12–17 · Serial

The sequential production number of the vehicle. Together with the WMI and attributes it makes every VIN unique.

VIN validation FAQ

How is a VIN check digit calculated?

Each character is transliterated to a number (A=1, B=2 … skipping I, O and Q), multiplied by a position weight (8,7,6,5,4,3,2,10,0,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2), and the products are summed. The sum modulo 11 is the check digit — a remainder of 10 is written as X. It must equal position 9.

Which letters never appear in a VIN?

I, O and Q are never used anywhere in a 17-character VIN, to avoid confusion with 1 and 0. If you see one, a character has been misread — often from a photo or a worn stamp.

Can a VIN pass the check digit and still be wrong?

Yes — the check digit catches most single-character errors, but not every combination. To confirm a VIN belongs to a real vehicle, decode it against a vehicle database, which also returns the exact make, model and specs.

My VIN is fewer than 17 characters — is it invalid?

Vehicles built before 1981 used shorter, manufacturer-specific VINs with no check digit. This validator (and most decoders) covers the standardized 17-character era from 1981 onward.